Short summary description:
- Categories/Mainstream: Dry plant extracts
- Botanical Source: Tribulus terrestris L.
- CAS number: 90131-68-3
- Country of origin: Bulgaria
The origin of raw material
Tribulus terrestris is a spiny, herbaceous plant native to the Mediterranean region, parts of Asia, and Africa. It thrives in dry, arid climates and is known for its distinctive fruit covered with sharp spines. Traditionally used in various cultures, including Ayurveda and Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tribulus terrestris has been valued for its purported health benefits. Its widespread use across different continents highlights its significance in both historical and modern herbal practices.
Technological process
Dry or fresh raw material is subjected to extraction using a water-alcohol solution, and a percolation process is carried out. The resulting liquid extract is concentrated and filtered twice. It is then subjected to a spray-drying process. The batch of the product is milled and homogenized. The final product is placed in a double polyethylene bag suitable for food contact and in a fibber barrel.
Certification and characterisation:
- Produced according to ISO 9001:2015 and GMP of cosmetic regulations.
- Produced according to FSSC 22000 – food ingredient.
Properties
Tribulus terrestris has been used in traditional medicine systems like Ayurveda and Traditional Chinese Medicine for a range of health conditions, including enhancing libido, improving physical performance, and managing diabetes. The plant’s active components, including saponins, alkaloids, and flavonoids, are believed to contribute to its health-promoting effects. This review examines the scientific literature to elucidate the efficacy of Tribulus terrestris extract in improving health and wellness.
Active Components and Mechanisms of Action
Tribulus terrestris contains several bioactive compounds, with saponins, particularly protodioscin, being the most studied. Protodioscin is a steroidal saponin that is thought to be responsible for many of the plant’s purported benefits. This compound has been shown to influence hormonal balance and support various physiological functions.
Saponins are known for their potential to impact lipid metabolism and immune function. They are also believed to have adaptogenic properties, which help the body adapt to stress. Studies have shown that saponins from Tribulus terrestris can enhance the bioavailability of certain nutrients and modulate metabolic processes (Dey, 2018).
Alkaloids and flavonoids in Tribulus terrestris contribute to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. These compounds can neutralize free radicals and reduce oxidative stress, which is implicated in various chronic diseases (Giorgi, 2020).
Effects on Libido and Sexual Function
One of the most well-known uses of Tribulus terrestris is its role in enhancing libido and sexual function. Several studies have investigated its effects on sexual health, with mixed results.
A study by Cheng et al. (2018) found that Tribulus terrestris could significantly improve sexual function in both men and women. The study reported increased sexual desire and satisfaction, attributing these effects to the plant’s ability to boost testosterone levels.
Research on the impact of Tribulus terrestris on testosterone levels has produced varied results. A systematic review by DiBonaventura et al. (2020) concluded that while some studies show a modest increase in testosterone, others find no significant effect. This discrepancy suggests that the efficacy of Tribulus terrestris may depend on individual factors such as baseline testosterone levels and overall health.
Impact on Physical Performance
Tribulus terrestris is also popular among athletes and bodybuilders for its potential to enhance physical performance and muscle growth.
A study by Williams et al. (2019) evaluated the effects of Tribulus terrestris on muscle strength and endurance in resistance-trained individuals. The study found that while there was some improvement in muscle strength, the results were not statistically significant when compared to a placebo. This suggests that Tribulus terrestris may have a minor effect on physical performance.
Research into the impact of Tribulus terrestris on exercise recovery has shown promising results. A study by Khosravi et al. (2021) indicated that Tribulus terrestris supplementation could reduce exercise-induced muscle damage and inflammation, potentially aiding in faster recovery.
Effects on Cardiovascular Health
Tribulus terrestris may offer benefits for cardiovascular health through its effects on lipid metabolism and blood pressure. A study by Pratama et al. (2018) explored the effects of Tribulus terrestris on lipid profiles in individuals with dyslipidemia. The study found that Tribulus terrestris supplementation led to significant reductions in total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, suggesting a potential benefit for heart health. The impact of Tribulus terrestris on blood pressure has also been studied. A meta-analysis by Maughan et al. (2022) reported that Tribulus terrestris could contribute to a modest reduction in blood pressure, which may be beneficial for individuals with hypertension.
Glycaemic Control and Diabetes Management
Tribulus terrestris has been investigated for its potential benefits in managing blood sugar levels and diabetes.
Research by Bansal et al. (2019) demonstrated that Tribulus terrestris supplementation could significantly lower fasting blood glucose levels in individuals with type 2 diabetes. The study attributed this effect to the plant’s ability to enhance insulin sensitivity and reduce oxidative stress. Tribulus terrestris is known for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, which can be beneficial for managing diabetes. A study by Rahman et al. (2021) showed that Tribulus terrestris extract could reduce markers of oxidative stress and inflammation, potentially contributing to better glycaemic control.
Mental Health and Cognitive Function
Emerging research suggests that Tribulus terrestris may also have effects on mental health and cognitive function. A study by Mistry et al. (2020) explored the impact of Tribulus terrestris on mood and stress levels. The results indicated that supplementation could lead to improvements in mood and reduced stress, potentially due to the plant’s adaptogenic properties.
Research on Tribulus terrestris and cognitive function is limited, but some studies suggest potential benefits. For instance, a preliminary study by Singh et al. (2022) found that Tribulus terrestris extract might improve cognitive performance and memory in elderly individuals, although more research is needed to confirm these effects.
Tribulus terrestris extract has demonstrated various health benefits, supported by scientific research. Its impact on libido, physical performance, cardiovascular health, glycemic control, and mental well-being underscores its potential as a therapeutic agent. However, the variability in study outcomes suggests that further research is needed to fully understand its efficacy and safety.
References:
Bansal, P., & Bansal, V. (2019). "Effects of Tribulus terrestris on glycemic control and insulin sensitivity: A systematic review." Journal of Diabetes Research, 2019, 493-503.
Cheng, C., et al. (2018). "Effect of Tribulus terrestris on sexual function: A systematic review and meta-analysis." Journal of Sex & Marital Therapy, 44(2), 120-130.
Dey, P. (2018). "Phytochemical and pharmacological properties of Tribulus terrestris: A review." Phytotherapy Research, 32(9), 1679-1692.
DiBonaventura, M., et al. (2020). "The impact of Tribulus terrestris on testosterone levels: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials." Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 105(7), 2273-2281.
Giorgi, L. (2020). "Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of Tribulus terrestris extract: Implications for health and disease." Antioxidants, 9(8), 749.
Khosravi, M., et al. (2021). "Effects of Tribulus terrestris on exercise recovery: A double-blind, placebo-controlled study." Journal of Sports Science & Medicine, 20(2), 218-226.
Maughan, R. J., et al. (2022). "Tribulus terrestris and its effect on blood pressure: A systematic review and meta-analysis." Blood Pressure, 31(1), 45-56.
Mistry, M., et al. (2020). "Impact of Tribulus terrestris on mood and stress levels in healthy individuals: A randomized controlled trial." Psychology Research & Behavior Management, 13, 75-85.
Pratama, R., et al. (2018). "Effects of Tribulus terrestris on lipid profiles in individuals with dyslipidemia." Cardiology Research, 9(4), 231-238.
Rahman, M., et al. (2021). "Tribulus terrestris and its effect on oxidative stress and inflammation in diabetes management." Journal of Inflammation Research, 14, 455-464.
Singh, S., et al. (2022). "Cognitive effects of Tribulus terrestris in elderly: A preliminary study." *Journal
Physicochemical characteristics
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